Cytokines and pregnancy complications: modulation for prevention and treatment

“There is many a slip twist the cup and lip” proverb that dates back to 3rd century. This comes mind while writing review on pregnancy loss; so complications can occur between fertilization development of embryo through long period gestation until successful delivery baby. These include failure implantation embryo, spontaneous miscarriage in first trimester, pre-eclampsia second premature rupture fetal membranes, pre-term labour, delivery. The maternal immune system which does phenomenal job protecting host from daunting variety infections, sometimes also mounts adverse reactions complicate endanger fetus. Maternal adversely affect have been shown be mediated by lymphocytes, macrophages natural killer cells, cytokines secreted these cellular effectors. summarizes deleterious effects leading recurrent miscarriage, delivery, are major pregnancy. It then goes discuss potential use progesterone dydrogesterone, an orally-administered progestogen, as immunomodulatory molecules considered for prevention and/or treatment complications.